Growing Fruit, Berries and Nuts

Overview

The United Nations estimates for water usage per crop are stated below on plants for which data is available. See Fruit Selection and Cultivation Tips for more information.

Best Tasting symbol Top 10 best tasting fruits of the world when harvested fully ripe (selected varieties only).

DIFFICULTY LEVEL: Low to Intermediate

Almond: Prunus dulcis
Nut tree. Drought tolerant with loss of fruit crop. Estimated water use: 1927 gallons per pound of nuts harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 2 stars = extra water and afternoon shade.

Apple: Malus domestica
Fruit tree. Moderate drought tolerance. Estimated water use: 98 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = proper location.

Apple Cactus: Cereus repandus
A columnar cactus with edible fruit. Drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 4 stars = excellent.

Apricot / Aprium: Prunus armeniaca
Fruit tree. Drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 154 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = afternoon shade.

Banana: Musa
A fruiting herb. Not drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 94 gallons per pound of bananas harvested, 192 gallons per pound of plantains harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 2 stars = extra water, afternoon shade, wind protection.

Banana Yucca: Yucca baccata
A fruiting succulent shrub. Drought and heat tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 4 stars = excellent.

Blackberry / Boysenberry: Rubus ursinus
A fruiting cane thicket. Drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 45 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = afternoon shade.

Cactus Pear: Opuntia ficus-indica
Fruiting cactus cultivars grown for edible fruit and pads. Drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 4 stars = excellent.

Carob: Ceratonia siliqua
A tree with cocoa-flavored seedpods. Drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 668 gallons per pound of dried fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability 4 stars = excellent.

Cherry, Barbados: Malpighia emarginata
Fruit tree. Drought tolerant with delay in fruiting or loss of fruit crop.
Hot dry climate suitability 3 stars = protect from freezes.

Cherry, Jamaican: Muntingia calabura
Tropical fruit tree.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = extra water, protect from freezes.

Cherry, Surinam: Eugenia uniflora
Tropical fruit tree.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = extra water, afternoon shade.

Citrus
Grapefruit: Citrus paradisi
Estimated water use: 61 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = protect from freezes.

Kumquat: Citrus japonica
Drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = afternoon shade.

Lemon: Citrus limon
Estimated water use: 77 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = protect from freezes.

Lime: Citrus aurantiifolia, etc.
Estimated water use: 77 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = protect from freezes.

Mandarin / Tangerine: Citrus reticulata
More cold hardy than most citrus. Estimated water use: 90 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = protect from freezes.

Orange: Citrus sinensis
Estimated water use: 67 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = protect from freezes.

Date: Phoenix dactylifera
A fruiting palm. Drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 273 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability 4 stars = excellent.

Elderberry: Sambucus
A fruiting shrub or small tree. Drought tolerant with loss of fruit crop.
Hot dry climate suitability (most cultivars) 3 stars = extra water.

Fig: Ficus carica
A tree where green figs contain flowers and ripe figs are fruit. Drought tolerant with loss of crop. Estimated water use: 94 gallons per pound of fresh fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (most cultivars) 4 stars = excellent.

Goji Berry: Lycium Barbarum
A fruiting shrub. Not drought tolerant at high temperatures.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = afternoon shade, flowers and fruits poorly in high temperatures.

Golden Berry / Cape Gooseberry: Physalis peruviana
A fruiting herb.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = daily water, all day part shade, insect and critter protection.

Grape: Vitis vinifera
A vine with clustered fruit. Drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 73 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 4 stars = excellent.

Guamuchil / Pink Tamarind: Pithecellobium dulce
A tree producing bean pods with tasty filling. Drought tolerant when mature.
Hot dry climate suitability 3 stars = provide extra water and protect from freezes when young.

Guava: Psidium guajava
Fruit tree or shrub. Estimated water use: 216 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 2 stars = afternoon shade, protect from freezes when young.

Ice Cream Bean / Pacay: Inga feuilleei
Tropical tree producing bean pods with tasty filling.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = extra water, protect from wind and freezes.

Jujube: Ziziphus jujuba
Fruit tree. Drought and heat tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability (most cultivars) 4 stars = excellent.

Loquat: Eriobotrya japonica
Fruit tree. Not drought tolerant in high temperatures.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = extra water, afternoon shade, all day part shade when young.

Macadamia: Macadamia
Nut tree. Not drought tolerant in high temperatures. Estimated water use: 688 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = afternoon shade, extra water, protect from freezing when young.

Mandarin Melon Berry: Maclura tricuspidata
Fruit tree.
Hot dry climate suitability 3 stars = extra water.

Mango: Mangifera indica Best Tasting symbol
Fruit tree. Drought tolerant with loss of fruit crop. Estimated water use: 216 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = extra water, afternoon shade, protect from freezes.

Moringa: Moringa oleifera
A tree with edible seedpods, leaves and flowers. Drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 3 stars = extra water, protect from freezes.

Mulberry: Morus species Best Tasting symbol
Fruit, shade and ornamental tree. Somewhat drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 4 stars = excellent.

Natal Plum: Carissa macrocarpa
A fruiting shrub, small tree or groundcover. Moderate drought tolerance.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = extra water, all day to afternoon part shade.

Olive: Olea europaea
An ornamental fruit tree. Drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 361 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability 4 stars = excellent.

Acca sellowiana: Pineapple Guava

Papaya: Carica papaya
A single-stemmed, giant herb, taking the form of a palm tree as it grows. Not drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 55 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = extra water, protect from wind, protect from freezes when young.

Passion Fruit: Passiflora
A vine with large, elaborate flowers and fruit. Not drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 2 stars = extra water, afternoon part shade, protect roots from winter freezes.

Peach / Nectarine: Prunus persica Best Tasting symbol
Fruit tree. Moderate drought tolerance. Estimated water use: 109 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 2 stars = extra water.

Pear, Asian: Pyrus pyrifolia
Fruit tree. Drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 110 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 2 stars = extra water.

Pecan: Carya illinoinensis
Nut tree. Not drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 2 stars = abundant water needs increase with age.

Peppers, Chilies: Capsicum annuum
A fruiting herb. Drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 45 gallons per pound of fresh fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 3 stars = daily water, afternoon shade.

Pindo Palm / Jelly Palm: Butia odorata
Fruiting palm tree. Drought and heat tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 4 stars = excellent.

Pineapple Guava / Feijoa: Acca sellowiana
An evergreen shrub or small tree with exotic edible flowers and fruit. Drought tolerant with loss of fruit crop and leaf browning.
Hot dry climate suitability 3 stars = extra water.

Pinyon Pine: Pinus edulis
A long lived shrub bearing pine nuts after 25 years. Drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 3 stars = careful watering and gradually diminishing part shade when young.

Plum / Pluot / Pluerry: Prunus salicina
Fruit tree. Some cultivars are drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 260 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 2 stars = extra water, afternoon shade.

Pomegranate: Punica granatum
Fruit shrub or tree. Drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 4 stars = excellent.

Quince: Cydonia oblonga
A tree with apple-like, aromatic fruit. Moderate drought tolerance.
Hot dry climate suitability 3 stars = extra water.

Raspberry: Rubus idaeus
A cane thicket with berries. Not drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 49 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = moist soil, all day shade.

Sapodilla: Manilkara zapota
Fruit tree. Drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = afternoon shade, protect from freezes.

Sherbet Berry: Grewia asiatica
Fruit shrub. Partly drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = extra water, protect from freezes when young.

Star Cherry / Pitanga-tuba / Pitangola: Eugenia selloi
A tropical, evergreen shrub with ribbed, yellow fruit.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = full afternoon shade, protect from freezes.

Strawberry: Fragaria x ananassa Best Tasting symbol
A fruiting herb. No drought tolerance without loss of crop. Estimated water use: 41.5 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = daily to twice daily water, all day part shade, protect from freezes.

Tamarind: Tamarindus indica
Tropical tree producing bean pods with tasty filling.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = extra water, protect from freezes when young.

Tomato: Solanum lycopersicum
A fruiting herb. Some cultivars have moderate drought tolerance. Estimated water use: 26 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) 2 stars = daily water, all day part shade.

Wax Jambu: Syzygium samarangense
Tropical fruit tree. Not drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = Provide afternoon shade and abundant water, protect from freezes when young.

White Sapote: Casimiroa edulis
Fruit tree. Drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 2 stars = when young - provide afternoon shade, protect from wind, protect from freezes.

DIFFICULTY LEVEL: High

Avocado: Persea americana
Fruit tree. Not drought tolerant at high temperatures. Estimated water use: 237 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) diffucult to grow = extra water, all day part shade, location must be previously tree-occupied, protect from freezes.

Blueberry: Vaccinium
A fruiting shrub. Not drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 101 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (some cultivars) diffucult to grow = grow in container, irrigate with low-sodium low-calcium water, acidic soil, afternoon shade.

Cherimoya: Annona cherimola Best Tasting symbol
Fruit tree. Not drought tolerant at high temperatures.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = extra water, protect from wind, deciduous afternoon shade, protect from freezes.

Cherry, Brazilian / Grumichama: Eugenia brasiliensis
A fruit shrub or tree. Not drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = extra water, all day part shade, protect from wind and freezes when young.

Cherry, Capulin: Prunus salicifolia
Fruit tree. Not drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = extra water, afternoon shade below 4000' elevation.

Cherry of the Rio Grande: Eugenia involucrata
Tropical fruit tree. Drought tolerant with loss of fruit.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = extra water, all day open shade, no direct sun.

Cherry, Sweet: Prunus avium
Fruit tree. Drought tolerant with proper rootstock. Estimated water use: 192 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability (selected cultivars) diffucult to grow = extra water, afternoon shade, winter location with little sun and cold temperatures.

Dragon Fruit: Hylocereus
A fruiting cactus vine.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = careful watering, all day part shade, protect from freezes.

Jaboticaba: Plinia cauliflora
A shrub or tree with dark, grape-like fruit growing directly from its trunks and main branches.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = extra water, part shade most of day, protect from freezes when young.

Kiwifruit: Actinidia deliciosa
A vine with fuzzy brown fruit. Not drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 62 gallons per pound of fruit harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability no stars = alkaline soil intolerant, deep soil required, all day part shade, extra water, protect from strong winds.

Longan: Dimocarpus longan
A tree related to Lychee, but with less tasty fruit. Except for young seedlings surviving slightly lower temperatures, it needs the same growing conditions as Lychee. Wherever Longan can easily grow, Lychee is preferred for its superior flavor.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow

Lychee: Litchi chinensis
A tree with red, rough-skinned fruit. Not drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = extra water, humid environment, protect from wind; first three years - protect from freezes and provide all day part shade.

Miracle Fruit: Synsepalum dulcificum
Tropical fruit shrub. Somewhat drought tolerant with age.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = moist, extremely acidic soil, grown indoors in a container, precise fertilizing and watering.

Peanut Butter Tree: Bunchosia glandulifera
Fruit tree. Not drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = water daily, afternoon shade, protect from freezes.

Persimmon, Asian: Diospyros kaki
Fruit tree. Not drought tolerant at high temperatures.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = temperature dependent irrigation, afternoon shade.
2 stars = From the fourth year in the ground onward.

Pistachio: Pistacia vera
Nut tree. Drought tolerant. Estimated water use: 1361 gallons per pound of nuts harvested.
Hot dry climate suitability 0 stars = high chill hour needs unachievable for nut production. The plant will grow as an ornamental.

Spanish Lime: Melicoccus bijugatus
Tropical fruit tree.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = extra water, all day part shade, protect from freezes when young.

Starfruit: Averrhoa carambola
Tropical fruit tree. Not drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability diffucult to grow = extra water, all day part shade, protect from wind, protect from freezes when young.

Walnut: Juglans regia
Nut tree. Not drought tolerant.
Hot dry climate suitability 0 stars = temperatures over 100°F produce shriveled and darkened nuts.

Gardening
in Tucson, Phoenix,
Arizona and California

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